A Debate on Political Philosophy: Hamilton Versus Jefferson Essay

In the late 1700s to the mid 1800s, the United States needed a political way of thinking that deciphered the Constitution inexactly, maintained a strategic distance from potentially disastrous wars, and developed the economy in the least demanding and most productive manner conceivable, all which were discovered best in Alexander Hamilton. Hamilton accepted that the time required a free understanding, or development, of the Constitution. He and his Federalist adherents conjured the possibility of â€Å"elastic clause†, a manner by which the individuals could twist precisely what the Founding Fathers were stating to help cause it to apply to the issues of the time. See more: Foot Binding In China exposition The country and her Constitution were as yet youthful and developing, and the capacity to frame the legislature as the nation advanced was basic to having any national development whatsoever. Jefferson, then again, had faith in a severe development of the Constitution and the privileges of individual states, not government solidarity like Hamilton did. Sadly, it was obvious to numerous that the privileges of individual states, like the states’ rights that they had encountered under the Articles of Confederation, were not making the country more grounded, yet rather pushing each state into more difficulty, strategically and financially. Remote issues likewise affected why Hamilton’s Federalist theory worked for the time. As the United States was simply coming out of a war, we were feeble: militarily, financially, and strategically. The exact opposite thing that we required was to go into the French Revolutionary War that held gigantic stakes. The Jeffersonians, in any case, supported regarding the 1778 French-American Alliance that we had made, so as to compensate them for helping us win our opportunity, despite the fact that the French had never authoritatively approached America to respect the coalition. George Washington, detecting that war would be a lot for such a delicate country, gave the 1793 Neutrality Proclamation cautioning Americans not to be inclined toward either side, so America would be better ensured. Hamilton’s monetary arrangements and money related framework was likewise the best method to develop the new economy. Hamilton’s arrangements were molded to support the well off, however so that the affluent would loan the administration cash and give it political help, which would then reason the government system to endeavor, higher classes to stuff and develop with new riches, and thriving to stream to the majority. Hamilton had faith in shaping a national credit out of the considerable number of states obligations, just as making a Bank of the United States to have the administration bolster itself in stock. Jefferson accepted, as opposed to Hamilton’s more â€Å"urban† perspectives on monetary advancement, that country and private cultivating would be the most attractive approach to develop the economy †from the base classes up. In any case, this would have been a very tedious procedure and was consequently not appropriate for the baby America, who expected to develop rapidly to discover its place in the remainder of the world. Jefferson likewise thought a Bank of the United States was unlawful and illegal by the Founding Fathers guidelines in the Constitution. Be that as it may, Hamilton demonstrated that the Constitution allowed it by indicating how the Constitution specifies that Congress may pass any laws â€Å"necessary and proper† to do the forces vested in the different government offices, including the forces to gather burdens and manage exchange, hence making a public bank for the country perfect and extremely gainful to building and supporting an economy. In today’s American, in any case, Jefferson’s theory would be vastly improved fit. Today, it appears as if we have nearly forgotten about what the Founding Fathers needed for this nation, so returning to a stricter development of the Constitution would stop a significant number of the sketchy laws passed on account of an excessively bendable versatile condition. Likewise, since the United States has been up to speed in interfering in such a large number of other nations’ political issues starting late, we should be helped to remember respecting our coalitions and keeping a receptive outlook when managing different nations that are in a present battle. Since we are an accomplished country in how to accomplish and look after freedom, we are sufficiently able to enable different nations to do likewise, in spite of the fact that we would not have been in 1789 for the French Revolution. At long last, today’s America has a solid and obstinate privileged that, a great part of the time, vows to permit benefit to stream through to the very enormous white collar class however doesn't finish those plans. Since it is too difficult to even consider working with the high society to offer thriving to the lower classes, utilizing Jefferson’s theory of working up from the base, however it make take some time, will in the end work and make the American progressively equivalent. By and large, Hamilton’s thoughts of an all the more free development of the Constitution, alert when it came to remote undertakings, and working through the rich to offer thriving to all Americans were appropriate to the late 1700s and mid 1800s. Notwithstanding, since times are unique, Jefferson’s thoughts are progressively relevant to our country’s needs of an increasingly controlled government, increasingly positive outside issues and all around considered international strategies, and an equivalent economy that begins with helping the lower and white collar classes to extend and develop in their own particular manner.

Employee Resistance to Change Essay

Contemporary business elements are compelling associations to change and adjust powerful methodologies to work and stay serious inside this serious condition. Subsequently, associations are reacting by holding onto change as a feature of the change and strategising process (Pieterse, Caniels and Homan, 2012, p. 799). Nonetheless, when changes in the associations happen, workers are probably going to oppose such changes (Zwick,â 2002, p. 542). As per Bovey and Hede (2001, p. 372) when individuals are gone up against with major authoritative changes, they are probably going to experience a response procedure since change includes moving from known to obscure. Representative protection from change happens when supervisors embrace top-down change process, overlooking that workers are significant piece of the change procedure; representative incorporation and inspiration is essential and unavoidable. This paper is directed to investigate the fundamental issue of representative protection from change and propelling variables that lead to worker opposition. This article will likewise propose suggestion of suitable answers for this issue. Associations in the 21st century need to strategise and set up viable seriousness by embraced transformational change activities. Transformational change expects associations to make radical alterations to their plans of action as a feature of managing contemporary unsure business condition just as repositioning adequately in the more extensive business condition (Pieterse, Caniels and Homan, 2012, pp. 799-800). Hierarchical supervisors would need to lead moderately smooth and profitable change activities as a feature of their duties of overseeing associations suitably. Be that as it may, when changes do happen, Manuela and Clara (2003, p. 148) has set up that representatives are probably going to oppose the changes. Opposition has toâ be seen as a characteristic procedure that will undoubtedly occur and ought to be relied upon to any change procedure. Protection from authoritative change shows in a few different ways. As per Bovey and Hede (2001, p. 540) significant manners by which protection from change happens incorporate representatives having complaints, level of turnover expanding, productivity declining, yield diminishing, and animosity to the board expanding. Numerous associations want to embrace changes that change and emphatically sway their association, in spite of the fact that this doesn't occur by and large. As indicated by Pieterse, Caniels and Homan (2012, p. 798) change is turning into a typical component of authoritative life. Balogun and Hailey (2008) call attention to that association that are quick to stay serious are those that are proceeding to adjust to changing business condition. Be that as it may, in any event, when this is the situation, Grant and Marshak (2011, p. 204) have contended that compelling authoritative changes are probably not going to be experienced by an association when they are started. In a prior research that was done by Hughes (2011, p. 451) it was contended that 70% of progress programs that associations attempt neglect to accomplish their expected results or purposes. Simultaneously, Schraeder (2004, p. 340) discovered that 34% of associations that attempt authoritative changes are probably going to accomplish positive outcomes, implying that 66% of associations will undoubtedly bomb in their change activities. Therefore, Zwick (2002, p. 542) has noticed that actualizing change programs in associations that acknowledge positive results stay hazardous for some associations in the 21st century. Ayodeji and Oyesola (2011, p. 235) have hypothesized that hierarchical change is a unique procedure, which when taken inadequately add to representative protection from it, and in the long run prompts disappointment of the entire procedure. Representatives oppose changes when they happen in the associations for a few reasons. Numerous associations when they acquaint changes are likely with adhere to the ‘top-down authoritative change’ process (Awasthy, Chandrasekaran and Gupta, 2011, pp. 43-45). Top-down change process gives remedy thatâ has just been created by top chiefs and given to drop framework representatives down the positions to expend without their info. As per Bovey and Hede (2001, p. 540) obstruction happens at the individual level, where representatives are propelled by mental elements to change that incorporate hatred, dissatisfaction, low inspiration and assurance, dread, and sentiments of disappointment. Simultaneously, prior distribution by Yilmaz and Kilicoglu (2013, pp. 17-18) distinguished four factors that propel workers to oppose changes in the association: representatives concentrating on personal circumstances instead of those of the association, having deficient comprehension of progress and its suggestions, having conviction that change needs sense for the association, and workers having low resilience. Furthermore, representatives oppose change, which as indicated by Martin, Jones and Callan (2005, pp. 265-268) is because of creating specific negative recognition to the procedure, having propensity for not enduring change, seeing change as burdening or loss of opportunity, dread of financial ramifications from the procedure, dread of obscure, and recalling past terrible encounters with change process. Associations can deliver worker protection from authoritative change by executing three classifications of suggestions dependent on the Kurt Lewin Change Model. Lewin’s model is otherwise called ‘Unfreeze-change-refreeze’ approach, where any change procedure in the association ought to be grasped in the wake of having exhaustive comprehension of the procedure and satisfactory inspiration for those influenced must be encouraged (Brisson-Banks, 2010, p. 244). The principal phase of progress includes unfreezing, which should involveâ organisations making sufficient arrangements all together for foreseen changes to be acknowledged. This is where business as usual blocking change procedure ought to be weakened and broken effectively. During the unfreezing, it is significant for association to attempt a few measures planned for decreasing obstruction: have away from of what ought to be changed, research to build up momentum condition of the association, have away from of what change ought to be sought after, and produce satisfactory help from the administration for the procedure (Brisson-Banks, 2010, p. 244). Simultaneously, the board ought to make need and want for change in the association by making an appealing and rousing message about the significance of progress for the association and conveying it to representatives, building up a dream and strategic workers can get tied up with, expanding correspondence among influenced workers, and re-underscoring to representatives the significance of progress (Smith, 2005, p. 410). Another significant advance is for supervisory crew to get questions and worries that workers are showing and be in a situation to deliver and react to them fittingly. The subsequent stage includes an association undertaking and executing change process while working and weakening all sources that may raise protection from the procedure. Change becomes effective when correspondence and sharing of data happens every now and again (Weber and Weber, 2001, pp. 291-292). Correspondence is all around arranged and executed as a component of the change procedure. Simultaneously, the executives ought to every once in a while impart to representatives benefits that will undoubtedly originate from actualizing change programs. For this situation, it is suggested that administration ought to clearlyâ explain definite advantages that will happen and how the entire procedure will influence representatives (Burnes, 2004, p. 313). Moreover, more noteworthy exertion ought to be coordinated towards planning workers who are influenced by the procedure. The thought ought to be to present change programs on progressive procedure, and encouraging checking, while at the same time imparting and sharing data by all partners included. Thusly, the board should work to scatter doubt, misconstruing, and dread among representatives that intensify the procedure (Wim, 2005, pp. 129-130. This ought to be accomplished through giving auspicious, open, and legitimate responses to all worries by workers, managing rising issues quickly, and building up a positive change picture in the psyches of representatives (Weber and Weber, 2001, pp. 291-292). All the more critically, associations can encourage less protection from change process whenever they enable workers by expanding chances to empower representatives take an interest all the while, giving appropriate bearing to representatives, and upgrading representative commitment all the while (Denise, Rodney and Schmaltz, 2003, p. 317). Also, representatives ought to be associated with each phase of progress process, create feeling of possessing the procedure, and feeling to take an interest in the process enough while their requirements are tended to adequately. The last phase of the change procedure includes refreezing, where exertion ought to be upgraded to guarantee changes occurring are being tied down in the way of life and representatives being inspired to continue them in their every day exercises. In this stage, the executives of the association ought to guarantee representatives have more prominent tasks to carry out in guaranteeing change process creates long haul benefits (Brisson-Banks, 2010, p. 245). This ought to include offering vital help to representatives, for example, re-preparing them to secure newâ skills to connect more in the change procedure. Simultaneously, viable and sufficient participative initiative ought to be given to assist representatives with seeing more noteworthy advantages of the change procedure (Brisson-Banks, 2010, pp. 245-248). What's more, the board should make a comprehensive prize framework to propel representatives and perceive their positive commitment to the change procedure. Additionally, compelling criticism frameworks that regard representatives ought to be made to use in checking and assessing the entire procedure of progress in the association (Barratt-Pugh, Bahn and Gakere, 2013, p. 752). Furthermore, data sharing and backing for workers ought to be improved an

How to Start a Lifestyle Business

How to Start a Lifestyle Business One of the most difficult parts of starting a business is deciding on what type of business it should be. You know you want to start a business and make a success of it. You know you want to become rich after a few years of running that business. But when you are asked what business it is, you would most likely pause and think.You’re lucky if you already know from the beginning what type of business you want to set up, but it is a different story if you are still undecided. For starters, it is not so simple that you just get right to it once the idea strikes you. There are certain considerations to be made, and you have to evaluate yourself â€" your resources, your capabilities, and your interests â€" on whether you are up for it.Fortunately, aspiring entrepreneurs and business people have a lot of options to choose from when it comes to starting a business. They could enter the food industry, perhaps, or go into retail. If they have more than enough resources, they can even ventur e into information technology or try their luck in any manufacturing business.But there is another industry that is currently booming: the Lifestyle Industry. © Shutterstock.com | Dudarev MikhailWe will 1) define what a lifestyle business is, 2) why you should start one, and 3) how to start a lifestyle business.  THE LIFESTYLE BUSINESSWhat, exactly, is a lifestyle business?A business, as we all know, is set up for the purpose of maximizing revenue and earning as much profits as possible. This definition does not strictly apply to a lifestyle business, though.A lifestyle business is one that is formed for the purpose of sustaining or supporting the income and personal requirements of the owners. It is still, to some extent, profit-oriented, but revenue maximization is not at the top of its list of priorities.Instead, the ultimate goal of a lifestyle business is the creation and sustenance of a pleasant and harmonious balance of life and work of the business owner. It generates just enough revenue to let the owner enjoy his or her current lifestyle, without adversely affecting his or her personal life.Enjoyment is usually a key point in a l ifestyle business. Owners set up the business based on their personal interest or passion â€" it could be a hobby or simply something that entertains them. This ensures that they actually love and enjoy their work on their business.This certainly redefines the age-old philosophy of many straitlaced businessmen about never mixing business with pleasure. In a lifestyle business, the owner can earn money from something they are having fun with.We can break down the features of a lifestyle business into the following:The owner is the sole employee or, in the case of more than one owner, the founders or owners are the business’ employees.The owner already makes a reasonable living, earning a respectable income.The owner has the freedom to do whatever he wants with his time and resources, so he can decide how much time is devoted to his work time and his personal time. He is allowed to pursue his interests and indulge in his passion while running the company.There are no intentions to e xit the business or sell it off, so it is built with plans to operate it for many more years to come.ANYONE can start a lifestyle business and make it grow.Many are under the impression that, when you start a lifestyle business, it is of a full-time nature. You can start a lifestyle business on the side, while you are holding a regular job. Some of the more successful lifestyle entrepreneurs started out that way: they had jobs and were already earning income, but they set up their lifestyle business on the side. Then they decided to do it full-time when their business started succeeding and they were earning enough to sustain their lifestyle even if they quit their previous job.Bottomline: a lifestyle business is one where the owner can run his or her company without sacrificing his or her personal life, such that he or she can live the way he or she wants to. More than for financial gain, it is set up for personal and lifestyle reasons.Lifestyle business vs. Self-EmployedOthers arg ue that there is not much difference between running a lifestyle business and being self-employed. After all, many lifestyle businesses involve working from home, with no employees other than yourself, and you having full control of the time you devote to the work at hand.There are similarities, sure, but being self-employed is still strictly a job, because you adhere to specific hours. For example, you set up a business that you open up every day, early in the morning, and close every night. A lifestyle business does not have these designated hours boxing you in. You can conduct your business at any time, because it does not hinder the way you live.Lifestyle business vs. StartupStartups are certainly popular these days. You often hear advice from many people saying that, if you want to get into business and succeed, set up a startup instead.Compared to the lifestyle business, a startup is its complete opposite. A startup is established with the intention of making it grow at a fast pace and earn a lot of profit over that short period. Growth and revenue generation are its main objectives, so its owners continually seek funding for its growth and expansion activities. Lifestyle businesses, on the other hand, do not go out seeking to attract additional funding or venture backing. All the funding will be provided by the owners or the founders.In a lifestyle business, the owner is responsible to no one but himself. A startup has the responsibility of making it big and earning money in order to be able to return the investment of the financiers and investors, as well as line the pockets of the owners. In the process, the owners and the employees of the business will have to do all they can, even putting their personal lives on hold, just to fulfill that responsibility.Examples of Lifestyle BusinessesA “lifestyle businessman” was once asked what type of business he is involved in. He answered, “it involves writing, teaching, and managing a band that often goe s on tour all over the country”.For those who are unfamiliar with the concept of a lifestyle business, it would not seem like it is a business at all. But you will be surprised at how flexible this type of business is, so what he said is completely valid.Here are some of the most common examples of thriving lifestyle businesses today.Professional blogging. This is most probably the quintessential lifestyle business. Many bloggers now make their living through blogging. Novelists, poets, journalists… These writers prefer to take the freelance route instead of getting employment in established organizations or companies. They travel, go places, experience things and write about them.Consultants and advisors. Services of consultants are sought after these days, ranging from matters regarding finance, law, technology, health, travel, real estate, and more.Online stores. E-commerce also falls under the lifestyle business category if they meet the definition of one.There is a general misconception that lifestyle businesses are strictly conducted online. That is wrong. A lifestyle business can be any kind, so it can also be offline. It may involve selling physical goods or services.WHY YOU SHOULD START A LIFESTYLE BUSINESSA lifestyle business has certain advantages over other types of businesses, and we’ve touched on them briefly while discussing its features. Let us take a look at what they are.Your personal life will not be sacrificed. You are not bound by any obligations to keep certain work hours, go where you are told by your superiors, or deliver this much amount of work at strict deadlines.There is no obligation to any investor or financing provider to earn a lot of profit. You provided the funding for your business, so all the profits will inure to your benefit.You get to enjoy the freedom of time and location. You choose when to work, where to work, and when to just take it easy and rest. Even while on vacation, you can sneak in a couple of hours of wo rk.You get to control most, if not all, aspects of the business. You founded the business, you are the employee, so you call all the shots.You also enjoy financial freedom, because you will be earning income that will be able to support the lifestyle that you want.You can expect positive cash flow early on, since there are no other employees to pay and other costs and overhead to spend on.To be fair, starting a lifestyle business is not all hunky-dory, because it also has its disadvantages. You may find yourself having problems funding your business and lamenting the limited funding sources that you have. In the event that you want to hire someone as an employee to help you out, you will have difficulty getting the best person or the top talent, since they are most likely to go for larger venture-backed businesses. Lifestyle businesses are also on the modest side, so if you are going into business with the expectation of earning millions of dollars within the first two years, you mi ght want to rethink going for a lifestyle business.STARTING A LIFESTYLE BUSINESSHow does one go about starting their lifestyle business? Take a look at the following tips.Step 1: Define your goals.The first step is knowing what you want. You are pretty sure that you want to start a business, but what are the fine points about it? What do you want to accomplish in your business? The goals we are referring to are personal goals: what you personally want to happen by starting your business.When defining your goals, make sure to consider the following:The amount or extent of freedom that you want with respect to your personal life. This relates to financial freedom, location freedom, and time freedom.The level of income that you deem would be enough to support the lifestyle that you want. This is your way of setting a target.Step 2: Identify your passion and interest.These are very important because you are going to be building your business around them. A lifestyle business should be s omething that you love and enjoy doing, so you have to know what you are passionate about or what interests you the most.There have been many stories of businesses failing because the owners somehow lost interest halfway through. This is why lifestyle businesses have greater chances of succeeding, since the owners are passionate about what they are doing. Even if the odds seem to be against them and the obstacles look insurmountable, they do not easily give up on what they really, really want and enjoy doing.Step 3. Find a problem.Now you have to identify problems that will be solved by your knowledge on the topic that you are passionate about or interested in. You are likely to have more customers for your lifestyle business if you have something to offer them â€" a solution to their problems.It goes without saying that the problem should be something that people would be willing to pay for the solution that you will offer. You can find this by taking note of what the people are sp ending their money on. You can also start looking at the competition, or those lifestyle businesses that are similar to what you have in mind. By studying them, you can tell whether there is a problem that you can offer to solve or not.Step 4. Decide on the business you will set up.From the assessments you conducted in the previous two steps, you can now decide clearly what lifestyle business you will set up. See to it that it is capable of being automated. See if there is a way to employ technology in the conduct of your business. This will make things easier for you down the line.Step 5. Set it up.This will be the one that needs the most work when you are starting your lifestyle business. Get the tools you need to get set up. If you are planning on writing or becoming a professional blogger, you have to get the basics down of setting up a blog. This includes learning about, and obtaining, the tools that you need. We created an actionable video guide on how to set up your blog whic h is the basis for your passive income empire. Set up your blog or get your website up and running. Fortunately, you do not have to be an expert in website creation or programming and coding to be able to do this, since there are platforms that allow you to set up a website or blog for free, or for a minimal fee. It’s just a matter of going through your options and finding the best fit for what you have in mind.Start attracting traffic for your website. There are various ways to attract traffic, and you may need to study a bit about it.Find clients locally. It does not have to be strictly performed online or via your blog. By actively going out and personally finding clients or customers, you can get started.Start building your potential client or customer list. It doesn’t matter if you have to start small, as long as your doStep 6. Just do it!It’s time to get down to business, literally and figuratively.Create and produce quality content. This is, after all, the main work of a lifestyle business. You have to create content that will address or solve the problems that you have identified earlier.Stay connected. This applies to your clients or your market. Through staying connected with them via social media and email, you will be able to keep yourself updated on the products and services that they want to buy, and the problems that they will be having that you might have a solution for.Trust your intuition. This is also very important. Of course, learning should be a continuous process. Attend trainings and seminars related to the business you chose to go into. Keep yourself up to speed with the latest developments related to your chosen field of interest.The real beauty of a lifestyle business is being paid for work that you enjoy so much you won’t even call it “work”, and living the life! Get started with your lifestyle business today and live life to the fullest!

The Importance Of Nursing Leadership - 1849 Words

Nursing guidance is a complex but essential part of the nursing workforce. Guidance can come in the form of management and in the form of leadership. The two terms are often used interchangeably, but do not always mean the same thing. The nurse manager is often someone who has authority from the facility to be in management. The nursing leader may not have authority over other nurses, but may be a strong guide in the workplace for other nurses and nursing staff. Nursing as a profession is ever-changing and increasingly challenging. Nurse managers are tasked with an enormous variety of functions in their respective workplaces, budgeting, scheduling, hiring, disciplinary actions, implementing facility policies and procedures, and the†¦show more content†¦While patient care is at the center of what nurse leaders do as well, the help and support they give their fellow nurses is very important. Nurse leaders are the background to the nursing care. Effective nurse leaders can prom ote a positive workforce and a healthy work place for other nurses. Workplace dynamics is an essential part of how each nurse functions. Nurses, being mentally and physically stressed, need to have support and guidance from a nurse leader to feel confident about performance. The impact of nursing leaders can be a positive and guiding force for the younger or more inexperienced nurse. Having strong relationships with solid leaders can instill values in the beginning stages of a newer nurses’ career. Gaining insight and core concepts from a more experienced leader can make a world of difference in the way a new nurse performs, provides patient care, and sets future goals for themselves. A newer nurse with a positive role model and nurse leader can model themselves to become a leader for future nurses. Future nurses and the future of the nursing practice can positively benefit from having a revolving new nurse- nurse leader cycle. 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Trans Pacific Partnership A Free Trade Agreement Essay

The Trans-Pacific Partnership is something that you may have heard of on the news, but like many, you probably do not know what exactly it is. The Trans-Pacific Partnership or TPP as it is commonly referred to in shorthand is a free trade agreement that the United States and 12 countries which includes Australia, Canada, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, Peru, the United States, Vietnam, Singapore, Brunei, and New Zealand. Free Trade means that tariffs are virtually dismantled in between countries to supposedly spur the machine of trade and boost everybody’s economy. If you did not know that you are not alone as a Harvard poll that was reported about in a Politico, which is a respected political news source, â€Å"†¦despite the seeming predominance of this issue in the media and in Washington D.C., only 29% of Americans say they have heard or read anything about the TPP, while 70% say they have heard or read nothing at all.† (Palmer, 6) This is disappointing as more people should be more involved with such a monumental agreement that could affect their lives in very big ways. If they were to know about what it will do if we signed onto it, no one would allow it, but coded language and redirects of the subject have led many Americans buying into the supposed good things about the agreement or as the poll suggests never even heard about it. If everyone knew about it and understood what would happen if it was implemented the sane collective of our country would agree that the United StatesShow MoreRelatedTrans Pacific Partnership : A Free Trade Agreement1066 Words   |  5 PagesThe Trans-Pacific Partnership, also known as the TPP is a free trade agreement that is among 12 countries including Canada. This trade agreement is for the 21st century. The deal is between Australia, United States, Brunei, Peru, Singapore, New Zealand, Japan, Mexico, Chile, Malaysia, and Vietnam. According to this, the agreement covers 40% of the world’s economy. The TPP ’s effective goals are to improve trade, investment, economic growth, job creation, development, and innovations through the partnershipRead MoreThe Trans Pacific Partnership Free Trade Agreement Essay1612 Words   |  7 Pagesabout 12 Countries in the Pacific region, 8 years of restricted secret meetings, an estimated 28,000,000,000,000(28 trillion dollars) which equals roughly 40% of the worlds Gross Domestic Product(GDP) and Congress can’t make any provisions what so ever. The Trans-Pacific Partnership Free Trade Agreement(TPP) is the largest trade deal to ever be executed in history. In 2005 4 Countries Brunei, Chile, New Zealand and Singapore Signed the Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership program(TPSEP). 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Free trade will especially help the Trans-Pacific Partnership, a free trade agreement among 12 countries that border the Pacific Ocean. The countries included in the are: Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, Peru, New Zealand, Vietnam, and the United States.The benefits of

Social Work in the Justice System Free Essays

string(138) " collaboration between the fields of Public defense and forensic social work is monumental in the need for holistic trial representation\." This paper explores the many facets social work provides in collaboration with the criminal justice system escaping widespread notice as well as the roles played in the judicial court systems. This paper takes a look at the point and the many purposes of forensic social work. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Work in the Justice System or any similar topic only for you Order Now Covering their role in multidisciplinary mitigation teams and collaboration between social workers and lawyers in criminal defense also the type service social work practitioners provide to inmate populations; the active involvement in an inmate’s daily life both during their sentence as well as the service and assistance a forensic social worker will be providing following an inmate’s release and reintegration back into society. A field of social work not widely publicized or acknowledged by the majority of the American population, pointing out the lack of interest in the field by the Universities offering accredited social Work degree programs and the educational opportunities lost because of the lack of acknowledgement of this field of social work practice. The Field of Forensic Social Work It’s Function in the Criminal Justice System and the Populations Who Benefit Forensic Social work is not a field widely known to students like myself. For those majoring in Social work in colleges and universities throughout the United States this particular field of social work practice is not really offered as often as other courses like helping skills or social policy. It’s an issue I see as becoming a problem in the near future because of the field and its functions. The educational opportunities presented in teaching forensic social work are in my opinion in my opinion. Its functions alone include policy and program development. Mediation, advocacy and arbitration, teaching, training and supervision as well as ehavioral science research and analysis just to name a few. We the students are at a loss by a lack of acknowledgement of the field Forensic Social work and it not being an offered course taught within our curriculum is a travesty to the future of the social work profession and the population forensic social workers advocate for. The objective of this paper is to bring to light a field in social work not widely publicized or acknowledged by a large majority of universities offering social work programs. Escaping widespread notice, a substantial number of social workers function in the space in which mental health concepts and the law form a gestalt says (Hughes O’Neil. (1983). Most of those whose social work service fall under core areas that make up the field of forensic social work don’t even know it. Why is it then, that in a field in which the services provide so much to those with so little, with a tremendous base of knowledge utilizing a broad base of skill, skill spanning across many other fields not just in â€Å"basic† social work practices. Parallel to the growing field of forensic psychiatry in the criminal justice system is the growing field of forensic social work. It’s development is dependent on that of forensic psychiatry; For this reason forensic social work it goes unobserved (Hughes, et. al. , 1983). I want to shed some much deserved light on this neglected field of service. It is a field of social work that needs to be preserved in its collaboration with the criminal justice system. Stewart Sinclair points out that â€Å"Forensic Social Work continues to work directly with patients and to maintain a vital link between the family and the institution. † (S. Sinclair, 2002 ,Sam Peckinpah’s forensic social work blues: will the tin star keep shining) Forensic Social work is not a field widely known to students such as myself. For those majoring in Social work in colleges and universities in the United States this particular field of social work practice is not offered as often as other courses such as helping skills or theory and practice. It’s an issue I see as becoming a problem in the near future because of the field’s functions. The educational opportunity presented in teaching forensic social work is valuable. The functions alone include policy and program development. Mediation, advocacy and arbitration, teaching, training and supervision as well as behavioral science research and analysis just to name a few. We the students are at a loss by a lack of acknowledgement of Forensic Social work and it not being an offered course in our curriculum. Brownell and Roberts (2002) operationally define forensic social work as ‘policies, practices and social work roles with juvenile and adult offenders and victims of crimes’ (Brownell P Roberts AR 2002, A century of social work in criminal justice and correctional settings, Journal of Offender rehabilitation, 35 (2) 1-17, pg. 3) As times progressed a growing knowledge and understanding of mental illness and psychiatric problems became more of a deciding factor in the task of determining just and effective dispositions. The criminal justice system is not equipped to provide the proper type of facilitation needed to accommodate. Instead judges and lawyers reached out to community mental health agencies but they too were unable to adequately provide resources needed. According to Gary Whitmer (1983) resulting from this dilemma the courts adjudicate with a sense of futility, knowing that it is not the defendant’s reasoned criminal intent but an illness that had brought him or her to court and that, if left untreated, this illness will bring the defendant back to court sooner then later. The Office of the Appellate Defender (OAD) is a not-for-profit organization that has been providing high quality appellate and post-conviction representation to indigent persons since 1988. The office of the Appellate Defenders fills an important need in the criminal justice system and advocacy for the destitute. OAD is the second longest-standing institutional indigent defense office and oldest provider of appellate representation to indigent persons convicted of felonies. (www. ppellatedefender. org ) Attorneys participate in the Office of Appellate Defender’s comprehensive training program, which focuses on appellate advocacy, client relations, procedural and substantive criminal law. The up and coming collaboration between the fields of Public defense and forensic social work is monumental in the need for holistic trial representation. You read "Social Work in the Justice System" in category "Essay examples" But the need for holistic representation does not end at sentencing. According to The National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers describes the †catch basin for the reakdown of social services inside communities† depicting the defense function within the criminal justice system given by the National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers. The assistance that social workers can provide is an appellate office takes on the role of assisting with the legal representation thorough investigation, mitigation and counseling. Social workers also provide institutional advocacy on behalf of clients. Another important function provided is that of case management, support and necessary referrals for clients preparing for release. (M.  Rothstien, Reaching through the Prison Wall; 2000) The value of social works to assist in the interview, evaluation, crisis response, short-term case work, negotiation and referrals in trial offices is admirable. For criminal justice offices, social worker involvement practice generally focuses on investigations and mitigation; the importance of forensic social work in the role of legal representation. . (M. Rothstine; 2000) The National Institute of Justice research in action journal issue from February 1999 gives an in-depth focus on case management in the criminal justice system. The services provided are much like if not identical to the processes thought by Professor Blake in theory and Practice I. These include intake, assessment, classification, referral, intervention, monitoring, evaluation and advocacy. (National Institution of Justice/ Feburary1999 p. 3) All of which are association with the majority if not all of the fields that make up Social Work. During the assessment stage of the case management process the interview leads into the documentation of individual history. Each individual walking this earth has a unique story to tell. And these stories paint the picture that portrays where we are in our lives at any given point in time. The job of a multidisciplinary mitigation team is to link client’s history, life circumstances, and the commission of the crime accurately and clearly. Often complex, it reveals that the client’s behavior stems from a number of integrating factors. In their article, â€Å"From Misery to Mission: Forensic Social Work on Multidisciplinary Mitigation Teams,† Guin, Noble and Merrill(2003) provide mitigating factors and circumstances inking characteristics and history to criminal behavior in the representation on behalf of defendants in capital cases (Guin, Noble, and Merrill/ From Misery to Mission: Forensic Social Works on Multidisciplinary Mitigation teams) â€Å"The capital mitigation process comes to life when a social worker, using a life history model of investigation, assumes the role of mitigation specialist, who, by capitalizing on social work theory and research, practice knowledge and skills yields vital information that, through objective presentation of fact, guides sentencing decisions. (p. 424) Social Workers are given the task of one of the most important components of building an understanding of the individual you’re advocating for and conceptualizing a rundown of an individual’s life history. Documenting of a defendant’s life history a forensic social worker is gaining insight on possible links to the development of criminal behavior. The intake is a way of establishing a rapport and may involve crisis intervention. The interview is almost always performed face to face and may be videotaped for later use in a court of law. Next is the assessment phase. This phase involves interviews, substance abuse evaluations, and specialized psychological evaluations. Some of the bases covered include family medical history for any red flags involving mental illness, significant incidents of past trauma, this may include both physical abuse, sexual abuse or neglect. Another aspect that is a much importance is the family dynamic. Some criminals come from a childhood of moving from foster home to foster home until aging out of the system at the age of 18. Others may come from a financial comfortable family with a dog and a white picket fence. According to The National Organization of Forensic Social Work (NOFSW), the forensic social work practitioner provides: consultation, education training, diagnosis, treatment and recommendations in various agencies. In addition, the NOFSW also points out that within the field of forensic social work, a clinician may undertake policy, program development, mediation, advocacy, and arbitration. Green; Thrope; Traupmann; the Sprawling Thicket Australian Social Work/June 2005) Barker and Branson (2000) summarize the Field of Forensic Social Work narrowing it down to 10 core areas. Some of these areas: 1. testifying in courts of law as expert witness. 2. Systematically evaluating individuals so that the resulting information can be used in court or by legal authorities. 3. Investigating cases where criminal conduct may have occurred and presenting the results to judges, juries, and other law authorities. . Recommending to the courts of law ways to resolve, punish or rehabilitate those found guilty of criminal acts or negligence in civil actions. Also included in the 10 core areas of Barker and Branson’s Legal aspects of Professional Practice in the forensic social work field are to; facilitate the court ordered sentence of the convicted person, monitoring and reporting progress to the courts. 6. Mediate between individuals and groups involved in disputed and conflicts. 7.  Testify about professional standards of social work to facilitate cases of possible malpractice or unethical conduct. 8. Facilitate development and enforcement of licensing laws to r egulate professional practice. 10. Maintain relationships with their own clients that uphold the letter and spirit of the law and ethical principals of their profession. (Barker Branson Legal aspects of Professional Practice, 2000) Mark Cameron and Elizabeth Keenan created a practice model that is adapted from the structures offered by Grenscavage and Norcross known as The Common Factors Model.  Cameron and Keenan provide three addition new and potentially useful conceptualizations. First, is the conceptualization developed on the basis of ways in which factors function in practice as condition and process that are activated and; Facilitated by strategies and skills for change? Second is the System of Action. Suggesting that conditions and processes interact as a â€Å"system of action†; factors reciprocally influence each other, inevitably producing change. The third conceptualization is based on Locus of practice competencies. Finally common factors are convinced as pertaining not only to the social worker and the client, but all those involved in the change work, including family, informal social supporters, and helpers in social services, education, health care organizations, and the judicial system. † (Cameron Keenan; The Common Factors Model; p. 65) Roberts and Brownell (1995) define Forensic Social work as â€Å"the practice specialty in social work that focuses on Law and educating law professional about social welfare issues and social workers about the legal aspects of their objectives† as defined by Barker,(p. 60). They go on to pen a section entitled Professional Recognition of forensic social work as a Field of Practice. This is an important part of why I chose to do my capstone paper on Forensic Social work in the first place. I’ve came to realize what little attention is given to this particular field of social work practice in general. Roberts and Brownell (1995) discuss the need for social workers them selves to recognize that a specialization in forensics has developed in recent years not just in social work but among other professional groups such as psychology, psychiatry and nursing. A Century of Forensic Social Work: Bridging the Past to the Present, 1999) The fact that there should be a distinct and prominent role for forensic social workers; the need to recognize that this area of practice; if we were to consider social work in corrections and probation, forensic mental health, substance abuse, family/criminal court, domestic violence and child abuse and neglect, it is a natural outgrowth of the leadership exerted by Jane Adams, Julia Lathrop and other prominent forensic social work ers in the late 1800’s. How to cite Social Work in the Justice System, Essay examples

Plagiarism free essay sample

Plagiarism is when a person uses another person’s work, words, or ideas as if they were using their own. When a person plagiarizes they can simply use a few lines from another person’s creation or just a few quotes without citing a reference. Plagiarism can be as simple as that or more detailed as when someone uses an entire composition and passes it off as his/her own. However when a person plagiarizes they are doing great harm to themselves. Plagiarism comes with consequences that are often severe. Sometimes it is difficult to detect when one plagiarizes. If only a line or two is copied then the person who is examining the work would probably have to be well versed on the topic at hand. Other times the person using the quotes is doing so without knowledge of what he/she is doing. Real cases of plagiarism maybe easier to detect because sometimes a student may use the complete work of a previous student to avoid the difficulties of the assignment. We will write a custom essay sample on Plagiarism Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There are often times that authors who have written on the same topic. To make sure that you are not guilty of this crime make sure to due your own research, use quotes, and cite references when one needs to relay important facts you from someone who is scholar on the subject. Someone caught plagiarizing will have a hard time denying the fact when it is proven. A few different things can happen. If you are a student in high school you may get an automatic failure or worse yet a short suspension from your school. A college student could face more serious punishment by being expelled from the college or university they attend. In the professional world plagiarism can lead to terrible press or even loss of a job. Plagiarism is something to avoid when you are given an assignment. By researching and writing your own document you will avoid the harsh repercussions of plagiarism and you might even learn some wonderful things. Bibliography: Name of site: PlagiarismdotORG Website: http://www. plagiarism. org/index. html Author: Plagiarism. org Year Published (copyright): 2012 Plagiarism free essay sample Plagiarism According to The Open University (2008) Inappropriate academic practice (online) their are different degrees of plagiarism ranging from unwitting plagiarism to intentional fraud. Cases vary from relatively minor to serious fraud. Plagiarism is committed when a person uses someone elses work without acknowledging the source it came from. Which can occur when a person lacks confidence in their ability and fails to understand what is being asked of them , all of which demonstrate poor academic practice. Plagiarism is a serious offence that will lead to accusations of cheating, due to lack of understanding, confidence in own ability or time. A person may attempt to obtain the information another way. They may rely on a friend, fellow student or family member to do the work for them, copy the information word for word from a text book from which they are working. Although asking a friend or family member to do the work for them isnt copying text from another source, it is still classed as plagiarism and is also intentional fraud. We will write a custom essay sample on Plagiarism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page All forms of plagiarism stated show a lack of academic integrity due to the fact the nformation provided is similar or identical to the original source. Word Count Question 2. = 171 a) As stated in section 61(1) of The Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994. The senior police officer present at the scene can decide if someone is trespassing on the land and take the relevant steps in asking them to leave. b) Section 61(1) of The Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 states that if two or more persons are on the land and live there for any length of time they will be asked to leave by or on behalf of the occupier. Reasonable steps will be taken to assure hey leave accordingly. c) Aside from the people present on the land at the time section 61 (l)(a) of The Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 declares that if any of the persons trespassing nave caused damage to the land or property use threatening, abusive or insulting behaviour towards the occupier, a member of his family or employs / agent the police office can also direct the persons to leave the land. 1 (l)(b) also confirms that the same applies if those persons have between them six or more vehicles. d) Section 61 (4)(a) of The Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 states that it is n offence if a person knowing the instructions given in section 61(1) fails to leave the land in a reasonable timely manner they will be convicted with imprisonment no longer than three months or a fine not exceeding level 4. However it is a possibility that the person could be faced with both. ) Section 61 (4)(b) of The Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 States that if a person does not comply with the directions given in 61 (1) and returns back to the land. Having been asked to leave within a period of three months from the day which the senior police officer instructed them to leave they would have committed an ffence and can be convicted to imprisonment or faced with a fine. word count = 321 Question 3. Part V of the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 section 61 Subsections (1-4b) deal with Power to remove trespassers on land explaining the following. If the senior police officer present at the scene believes that two or more persons are entering without permission on the land and have the intentions to remain there for any length of time , he will communicate with them and proceed in taking the appropriate steps in asking them to leave. Following this if any of the persons trespassing have caused irrelevant damage to the and or property itself, used verbal or physical behaviours towards the occupier, family member, agent or employee. The senior police officer has the authority to escort them off the land. The same applies if the persons involved have between them six or more vehicles. When being directed off the land they will be expected to remove any vehicles or property they have with them. When the senior police officer at the scene identifies the persons on the land and genuinely believes they were not originally trespassers and intruded unintentionally. He must be convinced that the other conditions highlighted in subsection (1) are acified after those persons became trespassers before he can exert the power deliberated in that subsection. If after knowing that a direction under subsection (1) applies and the person fails to leave the land as soon as reasonably possible or tries to regain entry as an intruder within a 3 month period, starting with the day the senior police office gave the direction. A criminal offence would have been committed and a high possibility to imprisonment for no longer than 3 months or alternatively a fine that will not exceed level 4 on the standard scale. However the person could be liable for both. word count = 298 Plagiarism free essay sample Although agree with Sodden that culture plays a significant role in students learning styles, and perhaps in the way plagiarism is interpreted cross-culturally, would like to argue that culture is not the only influencing actor and should not be seen as solely responsible for plagiarism in students academic work. To support my points, I will first provide examples on how plagiarism is viewed in Vietnam. Then, I will argue that there appear to be several reasons why Western academics may rush to accuse overseas students of plagiarism.Plagiarism is not at all acceptable in Vietnam While Sodden seems to suggest that Asian culture contributes to the act Of plagiarism, I would point out that plagiarism is never allowed or made legitimate by Vietnamese culture or education. For example, even at primary school level, if a pupil copies another pupils ideas to reproduce them in his/ her very basic compositions (such as a description of ones favorite pet), his/ her teachers and classmates will criticize and help that pupil realize that it is unacceptable to copy others ideas for ones assessment purposes. We will write a custom essay sample on Plagiarism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Also, it is not unusual for school teachers to require students found popularizing to write down 100 times the same promise l will never steal others ideas/ writing again. These practices show that plagiarism is viewed as unethical. If the term plagiarism in English is laden with negative and moral connotations Comparison et al. 2004: 172), the Vietnamese terms for plagiarism, dado van and an cap y/van, have the same or even more negative connotations.These two terms clearly and straightforwardly condemn the act of cheating in writing, specifically stealing, robbing, and copying others writing or even making someone else writing ones own by using sophisticated cheating techniques. Although memorizing model essays or famous ideas is common in Vietnam, this is not at all for plagiarism purposes. Showing respect to authority or showing politeness in academic writing does not mean encouraging plagiarism, either.In Vietnam, it is usual to quote Ho Chi Minims famous statements, such as nothing is more precious 76 LET Journal Volume 60/1 Jan aura 2006; DOI: 10. 1093/let/chichi a The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press; all rights reserved. Than independence, and we always acknowledge the source by adding says Uncle Ho. We may not provide the name of the documents, the year of publication and the publishers, but it is acceptable because his famous statements are considered common knowledge.It is this difference in the understanding of what is considered common knowledge in different courses communities and how these communities treat common knowledge, that sometimes leads to misinterpretation of students writing as plagiarism. Reasons for overhasty accusations of plagiarism Stereotypes of Asian students Many academics in the West have a misconception that overseas students always have academic problems, and numerous studies have documented this tendency clearly (Cumulatively 2003; pan Lee Ha 2001). Kiwis, they hold stereotypes about Asian students, among which obedience to authority and lack of critical thinking are the most common (Cumulatively pop. Cit. ). These two stereotypes are even interpreted as cultural characteristics of Asians which legitimate the act of plagiarism in Asian societies. Sodden (AAA) shows this quite clearly, and Lieu (2005) responds to this misleading interpretation convincingly. Insufficient training in academic writing Comparison et al. (pop. Cit. Show that although universities are often very explicit about penalties against plagiarism, they are not aware of the fact that their students are not trained explicitly and sufficiently in how to do citation and referencing in academic writing. Ironically, as these authors demonstrate, while there are obvious assumptions that students need to communicate in the language of the academic discourse community, whether this discourse community has done enough to facilitate students membership is often ignored.My own past experience as a postgraduate student in Australia and that of many of my students (both local and overseas) in Australia strongly support this argument. It seems that those who write curricula and syllabi assume that there is only one way of writing and this way is universal, and we all must know the norms of English academic writing. Thus, little training is even, and students are unreasonably expected to understand and follow strictly the PAP or Harvard sty les with regard to citation and referencing. So is it fair to accuse those who do not know that they plagiarism of plagiarism? Furthermore, to be admitted to a course in English-speaking countries, most overseas students must have a high enough LILT S or T OWE F L score. With LILTS tests, students have to take a written test, in which they have to do two tasks, neither of which involves developing their arguments based on any reading references. Thus, while being prepared for LILT S tests, students are to taught at all about citation and referencing. So is it fair to expect students to know all about citation and referencing straightaway?